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Social Development Department, The World Bank, Washington DC (2001)Įllaway, A., Macintyre, S., Hiscock, R., Kearns, A.: In the driving seat: psychosocial benefits from private motor vehicle transport compared to public transport. (eds.) Social analysis: selected tools and techniques, pp. In: Krueger, R.A., Casey, M.A., Donner, J.C., Kirsch, S., Maack, J.N.
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Operant Subj 16, 91–138 (1993)ĭonner, J.C.: Using Q-sorts in participatory processes: an introduction to the methodology.
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doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.04.001īarry, J., Proops, J.: Seeking sustainability discourses with Q methodology. doi: 10.1023/A:1021282523910īamberg, S., Hunecke, M., Blöbaum, A.: Social context, personal norms and the use of public transportation: two field studies. doi: 10.1111/j.īamberg, S., Rölle, D., Weber, C.: Does habitual car use not lead to more resistance to change of travel mode? Transp 30, 97–108 (2003). Psychol Health 15, 173–189 (2000)īamberg, S.: Is a stage model a useful approach to explain car drivers’ willingness to use public transportation? J Appl Soc Psychol 37, 1757–1783 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2004.09.008Īrmitage, C.J., Conner, M.: Social cognition models and health behaviour: a structured review. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2004.11.004Īnable, J., Gatersleben, B.: All work and no play? The role of instrumental and affective factors in work and leisure journeys by different travel modes. Next to increasing the benefits of using public transport, policy makers should also pay attention to removing psycho-social barriers.Īnable, J.: ‘Complacent car addicts’ or ‘aspiring environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. When the s motives are discussed, the differences between the different groups of travelers were more pronounced. In addition, public transport can be made even more attractive, when costs of cars are made more variable by road or congestion charging. To increase the reliability policy makers should consider the use of separate bus lanes and traffic light manipulation. Concerning rational, economic motives, individuals evaluate travel time reliability as most important. The analysis revealed that four discourses preponderate the paradigm of environmentally sustainable transport: travelers who use public transport as a dominant alternative, car-dependent travelers, travelers with a positive perception of using public transport, and travelers with a preference for car use. Segmentation is important, as policy measures will be more efficient and effective if they are fine-tuned on specific target groups. In this study, Q-methodology is adopted as the technique to segment people, and to ascertain which approaches and determinants matter to medium distance travel. Therefore, it is essential that policy makers focus on reducing car use and on stimulating the shift towards more environment-friendly transport modes.
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Despite technological advancements, the externalities remain an ecological threat that can not be discarded by policy makers. This has resulted in serious environmental repercussions. Due to a variety of reasons, the previous century is characterized by an extraordinary growth in car use that has continued into the current century.